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Manado Malay, Manadonese, or simply the Manado language, is a creole language spoken in Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi province in Indonesia, and the surrounding area. The local name of the language is bahasa Manado, and the name Minahasa Malay is also used, after the main ethnic group speaking the language. Since Manado Malay is used primarily for spoken communication, there is no standard orthography.
Manado Malay differs from standard Malay in having numerous Portuguese, Dutch language, spanish language, and Ternate language loan words, as well as having traits such as its use of kita as a first person singular pronoun, rather than as a first person Clusivity plural pronoun. It is derived from North Moluccan Malay (Ternate Malay), which can be evidenced by the number of Ternate loanwords in its lexicon. For example, the pronouns ngana ('you', singular) and ngoni ('you', plural) are of Ternate–Tidore origin. Manado Malay has been displacing the indigenous languages of the area.
| +Manado Malay vowels ! !Front vowel!!Central vowel!!Back vowel |
| +Manado Malay consonants ! !Labial consonant!!Alveolar!!Palatal!!Velar consonant!!Glottal |
| +Non-digraphs !Letter !IPA !Examples !Word meaning | |||
| b | budo' | (adj., adv.) light-skinned | |
| c | cokodidi | (adj., v.) hyperactive person — in the sense of "could not sit still" | |
| d | do du' | (n., v.) hiccup | |
| f | falo- falo | (n.) water dipper | |
| v (interchangeable with f ) | veto | (v.) to rebuke | |
| g | goro | (n.) rubber (material), rubber band | |
| h | haga | (v.) to stare | |
| j | jatung | (v.) to fall down | |
| k | karlota | (adj., n., v.) gossipy, gossip, or to gossip — a slang that emerged in the 1990s, thanks to Carlota, a gossipy servant in María la del Barrio. | |
| l | li'u | (v.) to trip on one foot only | |
| m | mner | (n.) mister, sir | |
| n | nae | (adj., v.) to go up, to move up | |
| p | parampuang | (n., adj., v.) female, feminine | |
| r | rabu- rabu | (adj., v., adv.) quick in a hurried manner | |
| s | s | (n.) bowl, basin | |
| t | tindis | (v.) to press | |
| w | wowo' | (adj., v.) mute person | |
| y | yaki | (n.) Celebes crested macaque — having the connotation of "stupid" or "dirty" if used in comparison with a person | |
| z (usually used in loanwords) | zig zag | (adj., v.) zigzag | |
| nyanda | (det.) no |
| +Digraphs !Letter sequence !IPA !Examples !Word meaning | |||
| kh (very rare, mostly realized as ) | khas | (adj.) special, unique to | |
| kw | kwa' | (int.) particle that is used to express pity, frustration, or assertion when one didn't follow the locutor's suggestions or commands (ex. So bilang akang kwa' mar ngana cuma jba kabal! "I told you but you just won't listen!" ) | |
| ky | kyapa | (adv., int.) why | |
| ng | ngale- ngale | (adj., adv.) leisurely slow | |
| ny | nyong | (n.) boy | |
| sy (starting to become outdated), sh (modern) | sy alom / shalom | (int.) Shalom |
| +Non-diphthong !Letter !IPA !Examples !Word meaning !Note | ||||
| a | aju | (v.) to mockingly mimic someone | ||
| e | ent eru | (adj., adv.) all, whole | Often realized as | |
| emp edu | (n.) bile | Must be a loanword (either from Indonesian, English, or other languages) to be truly realized as , otherwise would disappear or shift to or . Some accent (like Tomohon or Tondano) tend to preserve the sound from loanwords when compared to the others (such as Manado) where it would shift. But given the nationalization of Indonesian, the younger generation starts to implement more in their speech, fully or partially decreolizing the words. | ||
| i | iyo | (det.) yes | ||
| o | of or | (v.) to pass or hand something over | ||
| u | uba | (n.) medicine |
| kadera | 'chair' |
| stenga | 'half' |
| doi | 'money' |
However, there are also many words with final stress:
| butúl | 'right, correct, true' |
| tolór | 'egg; testicle' |
| capát | 'fast' |
| First singular | aku | kita |
| First plural | kami/kita | torang |
| Second singular | kamu | ngana |
| Second plural | kalian | ngoni |
| Third singular | dia | dia |
| Third plural | mereka | dorang |
| kita pe tamáng / ta pe tamáng |
| ngana pe tamáng / nga pe tamáng |
| dia pe buku / de pe buku |
| ini ngana pe buku |
| why | kyapa |
| where | (di) mana |
| who | sapa |
| which one(s) | tu mana, yang mana |
The me(°)- prefix in standard Indonesian, which also serves a function to make a verb active, is modified into ma(°)- in Manado Malay. E.g.: mangael (mengail, 'hooking fish'), manari (menari, 'dancing'), mancari (mencari, 'searching'), mamasa (memasak, 'cooking'), manangis (menangis, 'crying').
| topi | capeo | Portuguese | chapéu | cap, hat |
| bosan | fastiu, pastiu | Portuguese | fastio | bored |
| untuk | for, por | Dutch | voor | for |
| garpu | fork, forok | Dutch | vork | fork |
| tenggorokan | gargantang | Portuguese | garganta | throat |
| kursi | kadera | Portuguese | cadeira | chair |
| bendera | bandera | Portuguese | bandeira | flag |
| saputangan | lenso | Portuguese | lenço | handkerchief |
| tapi | mar | Dutch | maar | but |
| jagung | milu | Portuguese | milho | corn, maize |
| sudah | klar | Dutch | klaar | finished |
| paman | om | Dutch | oom | uncle |
| nenek | oma | Dutch | oma | grandmother |
| kakek | opa | Dutch | opa | grandfather |
| teduh | (ba)sombar | Portuguese | sombra | shade |
| keringat | suar | Portuguese | suar | sweat |
| bibi | tante | Dutch | tante | aunt |
| dahi | testa | Portuguese | testa | forehead, temple |
| penyu | tuturuga, tuturaga | Portuguese | tartaruga | turtle |
| sepatu | chapatu, sapatu, spatu | Portuguese | sapato | shoe(s) |
| kebun | kintál | Portuguese | quintal | (agricultural) field or garden |
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